The Next Species by Michael Tennesen
The Next Species: The Future of Evolution in the Aftermath of Man, by Michael Tennesen, is an engaging, informative overview of the history of life on this planet and humanity’s impact on that life (mostly for ill), followed by a look into the future and what might happen were humanity to go extinct or diverge into a different species.
He begins with a trip to the rain forest in the Andes, cataloging the rich diversity of life in the relatively small area (“The tropical Andes contain about a sixth of the world’s plant life in less than 1 percent of its land area… more than 1,724 species of birds in an area the size of New Hampshire”) and segues from this richness to a discussion of the consensus belief that we are in the midst of a sixth great extinction.
Over the course of The Next Species, he details those other extinctions, discussing their speculated causes, their impact, and how long it took for life to recover from each, all placed in the context of what is currently happening with regards to impacts such as climate change, deforestation, ocean acidification, overfishing, habitat destruction, etc. He wanders back and forth in time and place, moving smoothly from current day to several billion years ago, from the Andes to the Antarctic to Africa.
Tennesen is just as all-encompassing and detailed in examining humanity’s impact, tracing the evolutionary impact on elephants of the ivory trade (“Poaching put evolutionary pressure on animals with tusks, and tusks on elephants began to disappear… Females aged thirty to thirty-five were about 50 percent tuskless… Nature now selects for tuskless males as well as females. Adapting to man is currently wildlife’s greatest evolutionary challenge”), the effect of releasing starlings in early America, or the impact of snakes on Guam or in the Florida Everglades.
He begins his discussion of humanity’s impact from the very beginning, laying out what is currently known of the development of Homo sapiens and tracing the historical findings that have filled in the fossil record, as well as the evidence for our ancestors’ impact on animals and the environment through hunting, agriculture, and other events. This section moves into a discussion of how humanity is continuing to evolve and then shifts into consideration of what the future might bring.
Part of that future includes possible speciation, and Tennesen looks at the several ways that might occur, such as genetic screening, cultural isolation, a global catastrophe wiping out most of us, as well as a few other pathways.
The Next Species is clear, thorough, engaging, and well crafted — moving easily and smoothly in time and space. Tennesen’s voice, meanwhile, is personal and engaging, without becoming preachy or dogmatic, making The Next Species an excellent pick up. Pairing it with The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert would make for a great one-two.
I really liked Kolbert’s The Sixth Extinction.
Thanks for the review. I think I’m going to read The Next Species soon.
Great review, Bill! I’ll have to keep an eye out for this one. Also, for interested readers, I recommend Annalee Newitz’s 2013 book Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction.
I enjoyed SCATTER, ADAPT AND REMEMBER. I like Bill’s suggestion to read THE SIXTH EXTINCTION and THE NEXT SPECIES together.